Wicca is a broad movement with much internal diversity in its beliefs and practices, in large part because of the absence of any single leader or centralized governing body. Within Wiccan groups it is often considered more important for all members to follow the same ritual procedures than to believe the same thing.Puritanism, a religious reform movement in the late 16th and 17th centuries that was known for the intensity of the religious experience that it fostered. Puritans’ efforts contributed to both civil war in England and the founding of colonies in America. Learn more about Puritanism, its history, and beliefs.In the three main Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam), the individual, God, and the universe are highly separate from each other. The Abrahamic religions believe in a judging, paternal, fully external god to which the individual and nature are both subordinate.e. Religion in the United States began with the religions and spiritual practices of Native Americans. Later, religion also played a role in the founding of some colonies, as many colonists, such as the Puritans, came to escape religious persecution. Historians debate how much influence religion, specifically Christianity and more specifically ...Chief among these is Mary Magdalene, a woman infamous in Western Christianity as an adulteress and repentant whore. Discoveries of new texts from the dry sands of Egypt, along with sharpened... Aug 31, 2023 · Islam, major world religion promulgated by the Prophet Muhammad in Arabia in the 7th century ce. The Arabic term islām, literally “surrender,” illuminates the fundamental religious idea of Islam—that the believer (called a Muslim, from the active particle of islām) accepts surrender to the will of Allah (in Arabic, Allāh: God). Women are associated with witchcraft, and said to be foolish and dishonest, but a man without a wife is said to be without joy and blessing. The ancient rabbis taught that a woman’s body and voice were indecent, but also that a man should respect his wife more than himself. In rabbinic law, women have fewer religious responsibilities than men. Zoroastrianism in Western Culture. Sources. Zoroastrianism is an ancient Persian religion that may have originated as early as 4,000 years ago. Arguably the world’s first monotheistic faith, it ...Definition. Religion (from the Latin Religio, meaning 'restraint,' or Relegere, according to Cicero, meaning 'to repeat, to read again,' or, most likely, Religionem, 'to show respect for what is sacred') is an organized system of beliefs and practices revolving around, or leading to, a transcendent spiritual experience.Mar 3, 2015 · The first government of the new German Republic, formed in 1918, introduced the principle of women’s active (right to vote) and passive (right to stand for election) suffrage which was reflected in article 109 of the Constitution of 1919, “ Weimarer Reichsverfassung ” (Die Verfassung des Deutschen Reichs). The first woman ordained by the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches, Janith Otte, was ordained in 1977.) According to statements made in 1995 and later, the underground Catholic bishop Felix Maria Davídek, who was a friend of her family, secretly ordained Ludmila Javorová on December 28, 1970.The first woman ordained by the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches, Janith Otte, was ordained in 1977.) According to statements made in 1995 and later, the underground Catholic bishop Felix Maria Davídek, who was a friend of her family, secretly ordained Ludmila Javorová on December 28, 1970. In the three main Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam), the individual, God, and the universe are highly separate from each other. The Abrahamic religions believe in a judging, paternal, fully external god to which the individual and nature are both subordinate. Religion is the substance, the ground, and the depth of man's spiritual life." When religion is seen in terms of sacred, divine, intensive valuing, or ultimate concern, then it is possible to understand why scientific findings and philosophical criticisms (e.g., those made by Richard Dawkins) do not necessarily disturb its adherents. AspectsThe main god and goddesses in Roman culture were Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. Jupiter was a sky-god who Romans believed oversaw all aspects of life; he is thought to have originated from the Greek god Zeus. Jupiter also concentrated on protecting the Roman state. Military commanders would pay homage to Jupiter at his temple after winning in battle.Died: Khadījah, (died 619, Mecca, Arabia [now in Saudi Arabia]), merchant who was the first wife of the Prophet Muhammad. Little is known about her apart from the posthumous accounts of Muhammad’s life ( sīrah) and teachings ( Hadith ). Khadījah was born in the 6th century ce to merchants of the Quraysh tribe, which ruled Mecca.Before islam women were buried alive, After islam they prevented burying women alive but instead forced them to live in their own moving tomb (hijab), And just because they prevented killing women they considered that as giving women their rights, nothing else.Aug 31, 2023 · Islam, major world religion promulgated by the Prophet Muhammad in Arabia in the 7th century ce. The Arabic term islām, literally “surrender,” illuminates the fundamental religious idea of Islam—that the believer (called a Muslim, from the active particle of islām) accepts surrender to the will of Allah (in Arabic, Allāh: God). Feminism, the belief in social, economic, and political equality of the sexes. Although largely originating in the West, feminism is manifested worldwide and is represented by various institutions committed to activity on behalf of women’s rights and interests. Learn more about feminism.The First Great Awakening. Religious Pluralism in the Middle Colonies. Church and State in British North America. The Separation of Church and State from the American Revolution to the Early Republic. The Church of England in Early America. Religion, Women, & the Family. Religion & the American Revolution Women are associated with witchcraft, and said to be foolish and dishonest, but a man without a wife is said to be without joy and blessing. The ancient rabbis taught that a woman’s body and voice were indecent, but also that a man should respect his wife more than himself. In rabbinic law, women have fewer religious responsibilities than men. Halakhic practice for Niddah, or female purity, is based on a harmonistic reading of Leviticus 12,15, 18, and 20. Taken from the Bible, the term niddah was transformed into a metaphorical expression for sin and impurity in general. During a woman’s period, any ritual objects she touches becomes impure, and those she comes into contact with ... Genuine attempts to protect Muslim women from discrimination through the international models of gender equality and empowerment programs end up alienating local contexts and will be likely unsuccessful without giving the local communities proactive and independent roles. Evidently, the issue of women in Islam is complex and multifaceted. Puritanism, a religious reform movement in the late 16th and 17th centuries that was known for the intensity of the religious experience that it fostered. Puritans’ efforts contributed to both civil war in England and the founding of colonies in America. Learn more about Puritanism, its history, and beliefs. Raymond Parks. (m. 1932; died 1977) Signature. Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott. The United States Congress has honored her as "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom ... Halakhic practice for Niddah, or female purity, is based on a harmonistic reading of Leviticus 12,15, 18, and 20. Taken from the Bible, the term niddah was transformed into a metaphorical expression for sin and impurity in general. During a woman’s period, any ritual objects she touches becomes impure, and those she comes into contact with ...1,400 years ago, Islam gave women more rights than western women have gained in the last century. Below are just a few you probably didn't know existed. 1. The right to vote. Islam gave women the right to vote and historically, Muslim women were politically active.As of early 2007, nearly 70 percent of Iran's science and engineering students are women. [40] 27.1% female ministers in government put Iran among first 23 countries in early 2000s, [41] 2.8–4.9% female parliamentarians in past 15 years put it among least 25 countries. [42]e. Religion in the United States began with the religions and spiritual practices of Native Americans. Later, religion also played a role in the founding of some colonies, as many colonists, such as the Puritans, came to escape religious persecution. Historians debate how much influence religion, specifically Christianity and more specifically ...Its history includes the emergence of Utopian Experiments, religious fanaticism, and opening the door to such exotic religions as Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Taoism. Such has been the winding road of religious evolution in America. The role of religion among American Indians For untold generations before Europeans came to America, native ...The first woman ordained by the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches, Janith Otte, was ordained in 1977.) According to statements made in 1995 and later, the underground Catholic bishop Felix Maria Davídek, who was a friend of her family, secretly ordained Ludmila Javorová on December 28, 1970.The first and foremost of these is a belief in the Vedas – four texts compiled between the 15th and 5th centuries BCE on the Indian subcontinent, and the faith’s oldest scriptures – which make Hinduism without doubt the oldest religion in existence. It has since evolved into a diverse and flexible tradition, notable, as the scholar Wendy ...Primary. A fragment of Sūrat an-Nisā' – a chapter of Islam's sacred text entitled 'Women' – featuring the Persian, Arabic, and Kufic scripts. Islam views men and women as equal before God, and the Quran underlines that man and woman were "created of a single soul" (4:1, [15] 39:6 [16] and elsewhere). Further, not only was the first birth painless, but it was a man—not a woman—who shockingly gives birth, setting it apart from all others. FREE ebook: Exploring Genesis: The Bible’s Ancient Traditions in Context Mesopotamian creation myths, Joseph’s relationship with Egyptian temple practices and 3 tales of Ur, the birthplace of Abraham.The first woman ordained by the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches, Janith Otte, was ordained in 1977.) 1972: Sally Priesand became America's first female rabbi ordained by a rabbinical seminary, and the second formally ordained female rabbi in Jewish history, after Regina Jonas.Hinduism 101: Women and Hinduism. One of the most profound attributes of Hinduism is the recognition and worship of God as feminine. In fact, Hinduism is the only major religion that has always worshipped God in female form and continues to do so today. Many Hindus revere God’s energy, or Shakti, through its personification in a Goddess.The role of women in Judaism is determined by the Hebrew Bible, the Oral Law (the corpus of rabbinic literature), by custom, and by cultural factors. Although the Hebrew Bible and rabbinic literature mention various female role models, religious law treats women differently in various circumstances. According to a 2017 study by the Pew Research ... Freedom of religion or religious liberty is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance. It also includes the freedom to change one's religion or beliefs, [1] "the right not to profess any religion or belief", [2] or "not ...Yes, it was 1787 when Mary Wollstonecraft first issued her “Thoughts on the Education of Daughters.” Very little there moves beyond the domestic; but once she started thinking, she arrived at “A Vindication of the Rights of Women” in 1792.In 1972, Sally Priesand became the first woman ordained as a rabbi, in the Reform denomination. Women in the Reform, Conservative, Reconstructionist, and Renewal denominations are now able to lead worship services, read the Torah, and give drashes (sermons) just as men do, often contributing a different perspective. IslamDied: Khadījah, (died 619, Mecca, Arabia [now in Saudi Arabia]), merchant who was the first wife of the Prophet Muhammad. Little is known about her apart from the posthumous accounts of Muhammad’s life ( sīrah) and teachings ( Hadith ). Khadījah was born in the 6th century ce to merchants of the Quraysh tribe, which ruled Mecca.Jan 25, 1996 · Twenty years ago it was first noted that very religious women achieve greater satisfaction in ... (and give every indication of far outstripping) social work resources, it is good to know that the ... Which religion gave rights to women first? - Quora. Something went wrong. Genuine attempts to protect Muslim women from discrimination through the international models of gender equality and empowerment programs end up alienating local contexts and will be likely unsuccessful without giving the local communities proactive and independent roles. Evidently, the issue of women in Islam is complex and multifaceted. Islam was the first religion ever to give females some equal rights in the Quran. Due to their isolation, it became the responsibility of the ummah, or Muslim community, to pass down the customs and traditions that mold a Muslim women’s life.Islam was the first religion ever to give females some equal rights in the Quran. Due to their isolation, it became the responsibility of the ummah, or Muslim community, to pass down the customs and traditions that mold a Muslim women’s life.Judaism is the oldest surviving monotheistic religion, arising in the eastern Mediterranean in the second millennium B.C.E. Abraham is traditionally considered to be the first Jew and to have made ... Roman religion was practical and contractual, based on the principle of do ut des, "I give that you might give". Religion depended on knowledge and the correct practice of prayer, rite, and sacrifice, not on faith or dogma, although Latin literature preserves learned speculation on the nature of the divine and its relation to human affairs.Aug 24, 2022 · The first and foremost of these is a belief in the Vedas – four texts compiled between the 15th and 5th centuries BCE on the Indian subcontinent, and the faith’s oldest scriptures – which make Hinduism without doubt the oldest religion in existence. It has since evolved into a diverse and flexible tradition, notable, as the scholar Wendy ... Zoroastrianism in Western Culture. Sources. Zoroastrianism is an ancient Persian religion that may have originated as early as 4,000 years ago. Arguably the world’s first monotheistic faith, it ...Oct 13, 2017 · Christianity is the most widely practiced religion in the world, with more than 2 billion followers. The Christian faith centers on beliefs regarding the birth, life, death and resurrection of ... Puritanism, a religious reform movement in the late 16th and 17th centuries that was known for the intensity of the religious experience that it fostered. Puritans’ efforts contributed to both civil war in England and the founding of colonies in America. Learn more about Puritanism, its history, and beliefs. Table of Contents. Freedom of religion is protected by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits laws establishing a national religion or impeding the free exercise of religion ...The Concept of Religion. First published Mon Mar 28, 2022. It is common today to take the concept religion as a taxon for sets of social practices, a category-concept whose paradigmatic examples are the so-called “world” religions of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism. [ 1]Apr 16, 2020 · Ancient Persian religion – pre- and post-Zoroaster (c. 1500-1000 BCE) – attributed various events and illnesses to the work of the malevolent deity Ahriman (also known as Angra Mainyu) or to spirits who sometimes advanced his agenda, such as djinn. This belief gave rise to an increase in folk magic and the use of amulets and charms to ward ... Feminism, the belief in social, economic, and political equality of the sexes. Although largely originating in the West, feminism is manifested worldwide and is represented by various institutions committed to activity on behalf of women’s rights and interests. Learn more about feminism.Galatians 3:28 is a statement that has had enormous influence on contemporary Christianity, particularly in the feminist branches of Christianity. This is the passage where Paul says, "In Jesus ... Yes, it was 1787 when Mary Wollstonecraft first issued her “Thoughts on the Education of Daughters.” Very little there moves beyond the domestic; but once she started thinking, she arrived at “A Vindication of the Rights of Women” in 1792.First Pilgrimage ("lesser" pilgrimage or "umrah") made by Muhammad and his Muslims to Mecca after migrating to Medina. 629 CE Battle of Mu'tah: Muslims attempt to capture the village east of the Jordan River from the Byzantine Empire to show their expanding dominance, resulting in a Muslim defeat.The first extensive Nordic textual source for the Old Norse Religion was the Poetic Edda. Some of the poetic sources, in particular, the Poetic Edda and skaldic poetry, may have been originally composed by heathens, and Hávamál contains both information on heathen mysticism [32] and what Ursula Dronke referred to as "a round-up of ritual ... Iranian women rights activists determined education is a key for the country's women and society; they argued giving women education was best for Iran because mothers would raise better sons for their country. Many Iranian women, including Jaleh Amouzgar, Eliz Sanasarian, Janet Afary, and Alenush Terian have been influential in the sciences. Nov 7, 2022 · In today's post, we are on a quest to locate and name the seven oldest religions on Earth. So buckle up; it is going to be a bumpy ride! 1. Hinduism (15th – 5th century BCE) A Hindu sadhu boating in the Ganges River of Varanasi, India, a major pilgrimage site for the Hindus. Hinduism is generally believed to be the world's oldest religion and ... Anglican priests, at their ordination, swore allegiance to the King. The Book of Common Prayer offered prayers for the monarch, beseeching God "to be his defender and keeper, giving him victory over all his enemies," who in 1776 were American soldiers as well as friends and neighbors of American Anglicans. The first woman ordained by the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches, Janith Otte, was ordained in 1977.) 1972: Sally Priesand became America's first female rabbi ordained by a rabbinical seminary, and the second formally ordained female rabbi in Jewish history, after Regina Jonas.Women are associated with witchcraft, and said to be foolish and dishonest, but a man without a wife is said to be without joy and blessing. The ancient rabbis taught that a woman’s body and voice were indecent, but also that a man should respect his wife more than himself. In rabbinic law, women have fewer religious responsibilities than men.May 22, 2020 · Women's rights in Islam: Fighting for equality. In countries that practice Islamic law, legal reforms to advance the status of women tend to fail due to hard-liners who see it undermining religion ... Aug 24, 2022 · The first and foremost of these is a belief in the Vedas – four texts compiled between the 15th and 5th centuries BCE on the Indian subcontinent, and the faith’s oldest scriptures – which make Hinduism without doubt the oldest religion in existence. It has since evolved into a diverse and flexible tradition, notable, as the scholar Wendy ... Qur an 2:228. Over fourteen hundred years ago, Islam gave women rights that women in the West have only recently began to enjoy. In the 1930 s, Annie Besant observed, It is only in the last twenty years that Christian England has recognised the right of woman to property, while Islam has allowed this right from all times. It is a slander to say ...In the three main Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam), the individual, God, and the universe are highly separate from each other. The Abrahamic religions believe in a judging, paternal, fully external god to which the individual and nature are both subordinate.A woman is an adult female human. [a] [1] [2] Prior to adulthood, a female human is referred to as a girl (a female child or adolescent ). [3] Typically, women inherit a pair of X chromosomes, one from each parent, and are capable of pregnancy and giving birth from puberty until menopause. More generally, sex differentiation of the female fetus ...Religion in the Middle Ages, though dominated by the Catholic Church, was far more varied than only orthodox Christianity.In the Early Middle Ages (c. 476-1000), long-established pagan beliefs and practices entwined with those of the new religion so that many people who would have identified as Christian would not have been considered so by orthodox authority figures.Primary. A fragment of Sūrat an-Nisā' – a chapter of Islam's sacred text entitled 'Women' – featuring the Persian, Arabic, and Kufic scripts. Islam views men and women as equal before God, and the Quran underlines that man and woman were "created of a single soul" (4:1, [15] 39:6 [16] and elsewhere). The First Great Awakening. Religious Pluralism in the Middle Colonies. Church and State in British North America. The Separation of Church and State from the American Revolution to the Early Republic. The Church of England in Early America. Religion, Women, & the Family. Religion & the American RevolutionHitler believed that all religions were now "decadent"; in Europe it was the "collapse of Christianity that we are now experiencing". The reason for the crisis was science. Hitler, like Stalin, took a very modern view of the incompatibility of religious and scientific explanation. The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 was an event that lasted a year in which religion fueled mass hysteria in a small colony. The trials consisted of accusations of witchcraft against hundreds of people, and for the unfortunate one’s it would mean their death. These trials and the evidence associated with them was all based around the idea of good ... Spartan women seem to have married relatively late in comparison to their counterparts elsewhere in Greece. While Athenian women might have expected to marry for the first time around the age of fourteen to men much older than them, Spartan women normally married between the ages of eighteen and twenty to men close to them in age.e. Religion in the United States began with the religions and spiritual practices of Native Americans. Later, religion also played a role in the founding of some colonies, as many colonists, such as the Puritans, came to escape religious persecution. Historians debate how much influence religion, specifically Christianity and more specifically ... Zoroastrianism, ancient pre- Islamic religion of Iran that survives there in isolated areas and, more prosperously, in India, where the descendants of Zoroastrian Iranian (Persian) immigrants are known as Parsis, or Parsees. The Iranian prophet and religious reformer Zarathushtra (flourished before the 6th century bce )—more widely known ...Christianity was well-established as a major religion in the Roman Empire. Judaism had received the status of a legal religion in the Roman Empire with formal protections. Although Christianity developed out of Jewish traditions, it had no such legal protections. Christians were occasionally persecuted—formally punished—for their beliefs ...Genuine attempts to protect Muslim women from discrimination through the international models of gender equality and empowerment programs end up alienating local contexts and will be likely unsuccessful without giving the local communities proactive and independent roles. Evidently, the issue of women in Islam is complex and multifaceted. Aug 26, 2016 · Religion, which serves as a reference point for gender norms and expectations, is often seen as institutionalizing and perpetuating patriarchy, thus frustrating many advocates for women’s rights and equality. Often overlooked, early roots of feminism included religious voices, and there are many women and men who work actively for gender ... Which religion gave rights to women first? - Quora. Something went wrong. The Holocaust. Religion can be a central part of one’s identity. The word religion comes from a Latin word that means “to tie or bind together.”. Modern dictionaries define religion as “an organized system of beliefs and rituals centering on a supernatural being or beings.”. To belong to a religion often means more than sharing its ...Feminism, the belief in social, economic, and political equality of the sexes. Although largely originating in the West, feminism is manifested worldwide and is represented by various institutions committed to activity on behalf of women’s rights and interests. Learn more about feminism.Oct 29, 2022 · Further, not only was the first birth painless, but it was a man—not a woman—who shockingly gives birth, setting it apart from all others. FREE ebook: Exploring Genesis: The Bible’s Ancient Traditions in Context Mesopotamian creation myths, Joseph’s relationship with Egyptian temple practices and 3 tales of Ur, the birthplace of Abraham. Oct 13, 2017 · Christianity is the most widely practiced religion in the world, with more than 2 billion followers. The Christian faith centers on beliefs regarding the birth, life, death and resurrection of ... Judaism, monotheistic religion developed among the ancient Hebrews. Judaism is characterized by a belief in one transcendent God who revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets and by a religious life in accordance with Scriptures and rabbinic traditions. Judaism is the complex phenomenon of a total way of life for the Jewish ...
The pagan god is not born of a virgin mother. The birth of the pagan god is the result of a sexual encounter. The parallel exists, but the Christian tradition antedates the pagan mythology. This is, of course, false. Ra is born of a virgin mother, was not conceived sexually, and predates Christian mythology (by a lot).. Raphael
Sep 19, 2016 · The pagan god is not born of a virgin mother. The birth of the pagan god is the result of a sexual encounter. The parallel exists, but the Christian tradition antedates the pagan mythology. This is, of course, false. Ra is born of a virgin mother, was not conceived sexually, and predates Christian mythology (by a lot). The status and role of women in society are important issues for which Islam has provided all related rules, rights and guidance. In fact, in many ways, Islam is the only religion to do so. Not only in the theory, Islam practically uplifted women status nearly 1400 years ago and for the first time in human history she felt her true being.Nov 10, 2017 · Originally known as the Woman’s Rights Convention, the Seneca Falls Convention fought for the social, civil and religious rights of women. The meeting was held from July 19 to 20, 1848 at the ... Mar 3, 2015 · The first government of the new German Republic, formed in 1918, introduced the principle of women’s active (right to vote) and passive (right to stand for election) suffrage which was reflected in article 109 of the Constitution of 1919, “ Weimarer Reichsverfassung ” (Die Verfassung des Deutschen Reichs). Religion, which serves as a reference point for gender norms and expectations, is often seen as institutionalizing and perpetuating patriarchy, thus frustrating many advocates for women’s rights and equality. Often overlooked, early roots of feminism included religious voices, and there are many women and men who work actively for gender ...1,400 years ago, Islam gave women more rights than western women have gained in the last century. Below are just a few you probably didn't know existed. 1. The right to vote. Islam gave women the right to vote and historically, Muslim women were politically active.Native American religions, religious beliefs and sacramental practices of the indigenous peoples of North and South America. Until the 1950s it was commonly assumed that the religions of the surviving Native Americans were little more than curious anachronisms, dying remnants of humankind’s childhood. These traditions lacked sacred texts and ... Updated on July 13, 2022. The Bible's Eve was the first woman on earth, the first wife, and the first mother. She is known as the "Mother of All the Living." Even though her accomplishments are remarkable, little else is known about Eve. Moses ’ account of the first couple is strikingly sparse. We must assume God had a reason for that lack of ...Hitler believed that all religions were now "decadent"; in Europe it was the "collapse of Christianity that we are now experiencing". The reason for the crisis was science. Hitler, like Stalin, took a very modern view of the incompatibility of religious and scientific explanation.The First Great Awakening. Religious Pluralism in the Middle Colonies. Church and State in British North America. The Separation of Church and State from the American Revolution to the Early Republic. The Church of England in Early America. Religion, Women, & the Family. Religion & the American Revolution Ladies First. By Yanki Tauber. Even in this day and age, most women graciously accept the traditional "ladies first" rule, whether it's getting off a sinking ship or going through a ballroom doorway. Commonly perceived as a concession to the weaker gender by the stronger, the rule is actually founded upon a very different rationale, at least in ...First Pilgrimage ("lesser" pilgrimage or "umrah") made by Muhammad and his Muslims to Mecca after migrating to Medina. 629 CE Battle of Mu'tah: Muslims attempt to capture the village east of the Jordan River from the Byzantine Empire to show their expanding dominance, resulting in a Muslim defeat. Primary. A fragment of Sūrat an-Nisā' – a chapter of Islam's sacred text entitled 'Women' – featuring the Persian, Arabic, and Kufic scripts. Islam views men and women as equal before God, and the Quran underlines that man and woman were "created of a single soul" (4:1, [15] 39:6 [16] and elsewhere)..
